Ruby 和 Python3 读取 yaml 和 json 格式文件-白红宇

Ruby 和 Python3 读取 yaml 和 json 格式文件

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发布时间：2019-05-26

本文共 5791 字，大约阅读时间需要 19 分钟。

(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种以人可读的文本表示对象的方法。它已经变成 NoSQL 世界交换数据的事实标准。当一个对象被序列化成为 JSON，它被称为一个 JSON 文档 。由于 JSON 数据格式比较简单，易于读写，格式都是压缩的，占用带宽小，易于解析等特点，使得它在各种场合下都十分受欢迎，客户端 JavaScript 可以简单的通过 eval() 进行JSON数据的读取，包括 Java，JavaScript，Perl，PHP，Python，Ruby等服务器端语言（几乎大部分语言都支持对 json文件的解析），便于服务器端的解析。

但是在相同情况下，与 json 相同内容的 yaml 文件却更加简洁，我们先来看看样例（两个文件表达的内容一样）：

# test.json{  "apiVersion": "v1",  "kind": "Pod",  "metadata": {    "name": "pod-redis",    "labels": {      "name": "redis"    }  },  "spec": {    "restartPolicy": "Always",    "nodeSelector": {      "zone": "node1"    },    "containers": [      {        "name": "pod-redis",        "image": "docker.io/redis",        "imagePullPolicy": "Never",        "ports": [          {            "containerPort": 6379,            "hostPort": 8080          }        ]      }    ]  }}

# test.yamlapiVersion: v1kind: Podmetadata:  name: pod-redis  labels:    name: redisspec:  restartPolicy: Always  nodeSelector:    zone: node1  containers:    - name: pod-redis      image: docker.io/redis      imagePullPolicy: Never      ports:        - containerPort: 6379          hostPort: 8080

Ruby 读取

yaml 和 json 格式文件的读取：

# Rubyrequire 'json'require 'yaml'# 解析出来的都是 Ruby 中的 Hash 对象# puts JSON.parse(File.read('test.json'))puts JSON.load(File.open('test.json'))# puts YAML.load_file("test.yaml")puts YAML.load(File.open("test.yaml"))------------------------------------------------------------D:\Ruby23-x64\bin\ruby.exe D:/MyProject/Ruby/workspace/test.rb{"apiVersion"=>"v1", "kind"=>"Pod", "metadata"=>{"name"=>"pod-redis", "labels"=>{"name"=>"redis"}}, "spec"=>{"restartPolicy"=>"Always", "nodeSelector"=>{"zone"=>"node1"}, "containers"=>[{"name"=>"pod-redis", "image"=>"docker.io/redis", "imagePullPolicy"=>"Never", "ports"=>[{"containerPort"=>6379, "hostPort"=>8080}]}]}}{"apiVersion"=>"v1", "kind"=>"Pod", "metadata"=>{"name"=>"pod-redis", "labels"=>{"name"=>"redis"}}, "spec"=>{"restartPolicy"=>"Always", "nodeSelector"=>{"zone"=>"node1"}, "containers"=>[{"name"=>"pod-redis", "image"=>"docker.io/redis", "imagePullPolicy"=>"Never", "ports"=>[{"containerPort"=>6379, "hostPort"=>8080}]}]}}Process finished with exit code 0

hash object 的 pretty print ：

# Rubyrequire 'json'require 'yaml'require 'pp'pp JSON.load(File.open('test.json'))putspp YAML.load(File.open("test.yaml"))------------------------------------------------------------D:\Ruby23-x64\bin\ruby.exe D:/MyProject/Ruby/workspace/test.rb{"apiVersion"=>"v1", "kind"=>"Pod", "metadata"=>{"name"=>"pod-redis", "labels"=>{"name"=>"redis"}}, "spec"=>  {"restartPolicy"=>"Always",   "nodeSelector"=>{"zone"=>"node1"},   "containers"=>    [{"name"=>"pod-redis",      "image"=>"docker.io/redis",      "imagePullPolicy"=>"Never",      "ports"=>[{"containerPort"=>6379, "hostPort"=>8080}]}]}}{"apiVersion"=>"v1", "kind"=>"Pod", "metadata"=>{"name"=>"pod-redis", "labels"=>{"name"=>"redis"}}, "spec"=>  {"restartPolicy"=>"Always",   "nodeSelector"=>{"zone"=>"node1"},   "containers"=>    [{"name"=>"pod-redis",      "image"=>"docker.io/redis",      "imagePullPolicy"=>"Never",      "ports"=>[{"containerPort"=>6379, "hostPort"=>8080}]}]}}Process finished with exit code 0

Python 读取

yaml 和 json 格式文件的读取：

import jsonimport yamlwith open('test.yaml', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:    yaml_str = f.read()dict_obj = yaml.load(yaml_str, yaml.FullLoader)print(dict_obj)# json.load(open('test.json', 'rb'))# or# with open("centos.json", 'rb') as f:#     dict_obj = json.load(f)with open("test.json") as f:    json_str = f.read()dict_obj = json.loads(json_str)print(dict_obj)------------------------------------------------------------"D:\Program Files\Python36\python3.exe" D:/MyProject/Python/workspace/test.py{'apiVersion': 'v1', 'kind': 'Pod', 'metadata': {'name': 'pod-redis', 'labels': {'name': 'redis'}}, 'spec': {'restartPolicy': 'Always', 'nodeSelector': {'zone': 'node1'}, 'containers': [{'name': 'pod-redis', 'image': 'docker.io/redis', 'imagePullPolicy': 'Never', 'ports': [{'containerPort': 6379, 'hostPort': 8080}]}]}}{'apiVersion': 'v1', 'kind': 'Pod', 'metadata': {'name': 'pod-redis', 'labels': {'name': 'redis'}}, 'spec': {'restartPolicy': 'Always', 'nodeSelector': {'zone': 'node1'}, 'containers': [{'name': 'pod-redis', 'image': 'docker.io/redis', 'imagePullPolicy': 'Never', 'ports': [{'containerPort': 6379, 'hostPort': 8080}]}]}}Process finished with exit code 0

json_str object 的 pretty print ：

import jsonimport yamlwith open('test.yaml', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:    yaml_str = f.read()dict_obj = yaml.load(yaml_str, yaml.FullLoader)print(json.dumps(dict_obj, indent=2))print()with open("test.json") as f:    json_str = f.read()dict_obj = json.loads(json_str)print(json.dumps(dict_obj, indent=2))------------------------------------------------------------"D:\Program Files\Python36\python3.exe" D:/MyProject/Python/workspace/test.py{  "apiVersion": "v1",  "kind": "Pod",  "metadata": {    "name": "pod-redis",    "labels": {      "name": "redis"    }  },  "spec": {    "restartPolicy": "Always",    "nodeSelector": {      "zone": "node1"    },    "containers": [      {        "name": "pod-redis",        "image": "docker.io/redis",        "imagePullPolicy": "Never",        "ports": [          {            "containerPort": 6379,            "hostPort": 8080          }        ]      }    ]  }}{  "apiVersion": "v1",  "kind": "Pod",  "metadata": {    "name": "pod-redis",    "labels": {      "name": "redis"    }  },  "spec": {    "restartPolicy": "Always",    "nodeSelector": {      "zone": "node1"    },    "containers": [      {        "name": "pod-redis",        "image": "docker.io/redis",        "imagePullPolicy": "Never",        "ports": [          {            "containerPort": 6379,            "hostPort": 8080          }        ]      }    ]  }}Process finished with exit code 0

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